Questões de Inglês - Grammar - Linking words - Addition
Read the text below and answer the question.
What Is a Neutron Bomb?
By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., About.com Guide
(1) A neutron bomb, also called an enhanced radiation bomb, is a type of thermonuclear
weapon. An enhanced radiation bomb is any weapon which uses fusion to enhance the production
of radiation beyond that which is normal for an atomic device. In a neutron bomb, the burst of
neutrons generated by the fusion reaction is intentionally allowed to escape using X-ray mirrors and
an atomically inert shell casing, such as chromium or nickel. The energy yield for a neutron bomb
may be as little as half that of a conventional device, though radiation output is only slightly less.
Although considered to be 'small' bombs, a neutron bomb still has a yield in the tens or hundreds of
kilotons range. Neutron bombs are expensive to make and maintain because they require
considerable amounts of tritium, which has a relatively short half-life (12.32 years). Manufacture of
the weapons requires that a constant supply of tritium of be available. Neutron bombs have a
relatively short shelf-life.
(13) U.S. research on neutron bombs began in 1958 at the University of California's
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory under the direction of Edward Teller. News that a neutron bomb
was under development was publically released in the early 1960s. It is thought that the first
neutron bomb was built by scientists at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in 1963, and was tested
underground 70 mi. north of Las Vegas, also in 1963. The first neutron bomb was added to the U.S.
weapons arsenal in 1974. That bomb was designed by Samuel Cohen and was produced at the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
(21) The primary strategic uses of a neutron bomb would be as an anti-missile device, to kill
soldiers who are protected by armor, to temporarily or permanently disable armored targets, or to
take out targets fairly close to friendly forces. It is untrue that neutron bombs leave buildings and
other structures intact. This is because the blast and thermal effects are damaging much further out
than the radiation. Although military targets may be fortified, civilian structures are destroyed by a
relatively mild blast. Armor, on the other hand, isn't affected by thermal effects or the blast except
very near to ground zero. However, armor, and the personnel directing, it is damaged by the intense
radiation of a neutron bomb. In the case of armored targets, the lethal range from neutron bombs
greatly exceeds that of other weapons. Also, the neutrons interact with the armor and can make
armored targets radioactive and unusable (usually 24-48 hours). For example, M-1 tank armor
includes depleted uranium, which can undergo fast fission and can be made to be radioactive when
bombarded with neutrons. As an anti-missile weapon, enhanced radiation weapons can intercept
and damage the electronic components of incoming warheads with the intense neutron flux
generated upon their detonation.
(Taken from the website: http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/neutronbomb.htm).
In the sentence, “An enhanced radiation bomb is any weapon which uses fusion to enhance the production of radiation beyond that which is normal for an atomic device”, the underlined relative pronoun which refers to the word
Analise o gráfico e leia o texto para responder à questão.
The cost of closed schools
Countries’ response to school closures
By remote-learning type and income group, %
Three-quarters of the world’s children live in countries where classrooms are closed. As lockdowns ease, schools should be among the first places to reopen. Children seem to be less likely than adults to catch covid-19. And the costs of closure are staggering: in the lost productivity of home schooling parents; and, far more important, in the damage done to children by lost learning. The costs fall most heavily on the youngest, who among other things miss out on picking up social and emotional skills; and on the less welloff, who are less likely to attend online lessons and who may be missing meals as well as classes. West African children whose schools were closed during the Ebola epidemic in 2014 are still paying the price.
(www.economist.com, 01.05.2020. Adaptado.)
No trecho “As lockdowns ease, schools should be among the first places to reopen”, o termo sublinhado indica
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The Brazilian culture is one of the world’s most varied and diverse. This is due to its being a melting pot of nationalities, (I) __________ a result of centuries of European domination (II) _________ slavery, which brought hordes of African migrants across Brazil’s borders to live in and influence the local cultures with their ancient customs and ideas. The European settlers also brought ideas, innovations (III) ______ belief systems with them, shaping the local societies significantly. All of these different influences have meant that the modern-day Brazilian culture is unique and very complex.
At present, Brazil has a population of about 190 million people. Of these, more than half are white (IV)__________ includes Portuguese, Italian, Polish etc... individuals), just fewer than 40% are mixed black and white and less than 10% are black.
Approximately 80% of the population ascribes to the Roman Catholic faith. This is due to the intense Portuguese occupation of centuries ago. These European settlers taught the indigenous tribes Catholicism, built churches and established traditions and customs that originated in this church.
Also due to the mass Portuguese settlements during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, this language is the official language of Brazil. There are small numbers of indigenous people and immigrants who still speak their own tongues, but these are certainly among the vast minority.
Brazilians, as a nation, focus much importance on the family structure and the values that are entrenched within that institution. Families are usually large, and even extended family members are close with one another, providing much-needed help and support to each other (V) ___________ and (VI) ______________ necessary.
Adapted Text - Available at: https://www.brazil.org.za/brazil-culture.html#:~:text= The%20Brazilian%20culture%20is%20one%20of%20the%20 world's%20most%20varied%20and%20diverse.&text=At%20 present%2C%20Brazil%20has%20a,less%20than%2010%25 %20are%20black.. Access on: 08 jan. 2021.
Complete as lacunas numeradas no texto com as conjunções corretas.
Read the text below. Fill in the blanks with the right conjunctions.
In today's world, (I) _________ just about everything is more convenient and accessible due to advances in technology across almost all sectors, it may seem (II)_________ it's a misnomer to even mention any disadvantages of technological advances. (III) __________, despite how far technology has taken humans and no matter (IV) ______ convenient it may make things, there are some disadvantages accompanying this level of access.
Technology advances show people a more efficient way to do things, and these processes get results. For example, education has been greatly advanced by the technological advances of computers. Students are able to learn on a global scale without ever leaving their classrooms. Agricultural processes (V)_______ once required dozens upon dozens of human workers can now be automated, thanks to advances in technology, which means cost-efficiency for farmers. Medical discoveries occur at a much more rapid rate, thanks to machines and computers that aid in the research process and allow for more intense educational research into medical matters.
Cost efficiency is an advantage in some ways and a disadvantage in others. (VI) _______ technology improves on existing processes and showcases new ways to accomplish tasks, machines are able to produce the same -- if not more -- output (VII) _______ humans in certain industries. This results in cost savings for business owners, allowing them to invest in growth in other areas of the business, (VIII) _________ contributes on a positive level to the economy as a whole.
Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-technology-advances-12579.html..
Mark the correct alternative.
What are the key trends in digital medicine?
By Barry O'Dowd
Technology is promoting changes in the provision of healthcare and medicine on a global basis. What changes can we expect to see in the coming years?
Gone are the days when healthcare was confined to a doctor’s office or a hospital. Information technology has introduced the age of digital medicine, and a growing number of traditional and non-traditional IT (information technology) companies are stepping into the fray, offering a variety of new healthcare tools and services.
Advances in sensor technology, widespread wireless capabilities and exponential increases in electronic data and digital analytics – these are just a few of the developments already revolutionizing health care and digital medicine, from disease prevention and detection, to treatment and monitoring.
The digital revolution is changing the very nature of medical practice.
Technologies such as telemedicine are redefining how doctors and patients interact, while new and plentiful sources of personalized health information and advice are, to some extent, replacing physicians.
Google, Apple and Microsoft have invested heavily in platforms that offer consumers the ability to track and capture data on their own health. These platforms and others like them are enabled by sensor-equipped, wearable devices that register movement, heart and muscle activity, as well as record an abundance of data points, such as body temperature, hydration, glucose and oxygen levels, respiration, ingestion and sleep cycles.
Governments are also playing a role.
In the United States, for example, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is increasing readmission penalties on hospitals to improve the quality of care and reduce the high cost of repeat hospitalizations. This move has prompted hospitals to adopt telehealth solutions to remotely monitor patients after they have been discharged.
On the information-analysis front, the potential power of "big data" aggregation and cognitive computing is manifested in a very compelling way by IBM’s Medical Sieve project.
The name is based on the goal: to create a digital sieve that filters clinical and diagnostic-imaging data to help physicians diagnose and treat patients with more precision. The system relies on cognitive computing to analyze multimodal sources of data – such as pharmacy records, EMR, labs and ADT – combined with advanced clinical knowledge.
When proven, this technology will revolutionize the field of radiology, just as x-rays, ultrasound, PET scans and MRI have in the past. All these trends and developments foretell an increase in the growth and the prosperity of a fast emerging digital medicine industry sector.
Ultimately, digital medicine is promoting a major shift from the old, "one size fits all" approach to a much more cost effective, customized approach.
Adapted from . Access 25 Aug. 2017.
Glossary:
fray: batalha; widespread: altamente difundido; to be discharged: ter alta; sieve: ferramenta de filtragem; ultimately: em última instância.
The connector "as well as" in "[…], as well as record an abundance of data points, […]" (paragraph 5) expresses an idea of :
TEXTO:
Contrary to the theories of the low-carb/no carb
manifesto, Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution, first published
in 1972 (and the similar books that followed), there’s
nothing inherently fattening about carbohydrates, says
[5] Jean Harvey-Berino, co-author of The EatingWell Diet.
“It’s eating too many calories, period, that makes you
fat.”
There’s no question that loading up on sugary and
refined-carbohydrate-rich foods, such as white bread,
[10] pasta and doughnuts, can raise your risk of developing
health problems like heart disease and diabetes. But if
you cut out so-called “good-carb” foods, such as whole
grains, beans, fruits and vegetables, you’re missing
out on your body’s main source of fuel as well as vital
[15] nutrients and fiber. What’s more, for many people, a
low-carb diet may be harder to stick with in the long run.
When a handful of major studies recently compared
low-carb diets with low-fat diets and other approaches
to losing weight, notes Harvey-Berino, they found that in
[20] the first few months, those following the low-carb diets
tended to lose slightly more weight. “That’s because low-
carb diets are more restrictive,” she explains. “Anything
that limits your choices will help you lose weight initially.”
But after a year or as much as three years, weight-loss
[25] differences between the diets tend to even out. One
recent report noted that although there was a greater
weight loss initially, low-carb dieters tended to regain
more weight by the end of three years when compared
with low-fat dieters.
[30] But Harvey-Berino acknowledges that low-carb
eating can help many people manage their weight —
especially if you’re “one of those people who have a
hard time staying in control when you eat carbohydrate-
rich foods.” No matter how you slice it, the best diet is
[35] one you can stick to, she adds. “If you can stick with an
Atkins-like regimen, then go for it.”
CONTRARY to the...Disponível em: www.eatingwell.com/artic le/16296/the-13-biggest-nutrition-and-food-myths-busted/. Acesso em: 11 jan. 2018. Adaptado.
Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say
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