Questões de Inglês - Grammar - Modals - Would
Enchanted bike path inspired by van Gogh’s ‘Starry Night’
“I can’t change the fact that my paintings don’t sell,” Vincent van Gogh once said. “But the time will come when people will recognize that they are worth more than the value of the paints used in the picture.” It is, of course, a terrible shame van Gogh never lived to see the profound impact his art had on the world, forever transforming the way so many of us gaze upon the night sky.
Vincent van Gogh’s wildest dreams probably couldn’t prepare him, for example, for the van Gogh-Roosegaarde Bicycle Path, an enchanting living artwork newly unveiled by Studio Roosegaarde. The kilometer-long path is adorned with a special paint that charges during the day and glows after dark. It runs through the Dutch province of Noord Brabant, where van Gogh was born and raised.
The amazing novelty, at the intersection of art and technology, mimics the ecstatic energy and swirling movement of van Gogh’s original. Each illuminated fleck operates like a brushstroke, adding a small yet crucial element to the whirling, unfathomable whole. “It’s a new system that is self-sufficient and practical, and just incredibly poetic,” says designer Daan Roosegaarde.
A solar panel close by generates power to illuminate the painted surface. Some LED lights are embedded in the path as well, casting extra light especially in the case of foggy weather. The fairy tale bike path is the second of Roosegaarde’s five-part Smart Highways project, which aims to create safe and environmentally friendly road networks. The first manifestation, “Glowing Lines,” employed photo-luminescent paint to brighten the edges of the road.
Internet: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the item below.
Vincent van Gogh was confident that one day people would value his art.
Responda a questão de acordo com o texto abaixo
The drugs don’t work: what happens after antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistance is growing so fast that routine surgery could soon become impossible. But scientists are fighting back in the battle against infection
1- The first antibiotic that didn’t work for Debbi Forsythe was trimethoprim. In March 2016, Forsythe, a genial primary care counsellor from Morpeth, Northumberland, contracted a urinary tract infection. UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year. So when Forsythe saw her GP, they prescribed the usual treatment: a three-day course of antibiotics. When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim.
2- Three days after that, Forsythe’s husband Pete came home to find his wife lying on the sofa, shaking, unable to call for help. He rushed her to A&E. She was put on a second antibiotic, gentamicin, and treated for sepsis, a complication of the infection that can be fatal if not treated quickly. The gentamicin didn’t work either. Doctors sent Forsythe’s blood for testing, but such tests can take days: bacteria must be grown in cultures, then tested against multiple antibiotics to find a suitable treatment. Five days after she was admitted to hospital, Forsythe was diagnosed with an infection of multi-drug-resistant E coli, and given ertapenem, one of the so-called “last resort” antibiotics.
3- It worked. But damage from Forsythe’s episode has lingered and she lives in constant fear of an infection reoccurring. Six months after her collapse, she developed another UTI, resulting, again, in a hospital stay. “I’ve had to accept that I will no longer get back to where I was,” she says. “My daughter and son said they felt like they lost their mum, because I wasn’t who I used to be.” But Forsythe was fortunate. Sepsis currently kills more people in the UK than lung cancer, and the number is growing, as more of us develop infections immune to antibiotics.
4- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the process of bacteria (and yeasts and viruses) evolving defense mechanisms against the drugs we use to treat them – is progressing so quickly that the UN has called it a “global health emergency”. At least 2 million Americans contract drug-resistant infections every year. So-called “superbugs” spread rapidly, in part because some bacteria are able to borrow resistance genes from neighbouring species via a process called horizontal gene transfer. In 2013, researchers in China discovered E coli containing mcr-1, a gene resistant to colistin, a last-line antibiotic that, until recently, was considered too toxic for human use. Colistin-resistant infections have now been detected in at least 30 countries.
5- “In India and Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and countries in South America, the resistance problem is already endemic,” says Colin Garner, CEO of Antibiotic Research UK. In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined.
6- “We have a good chance of getting to a point where for a lot of people there are no [effective] antibiotics,” Daniel Berman, leader of the Global Health team at Nesta, told me. The threat is difficult to imagine. A world without antibiotics means returning to a time without organ transplants, without hip replacements, without many now-routine surgeries. It would mean millions more women dying in childbirth; make many cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, impossible; and make even the smallest wound potentially lifethreatening. As Berman told me: “Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared.”
7- Bacteria are everywhere: in our bodies, in the air, in the soil, coating every surface in their sextillions. Many bacteria produce antibiotic compounds – exactly how many, we don’t know – probably as weapons in a microscopic battle for resources between different strains of bacteria that has been going on for billions of years. Because bacteria reproduce so quickly, they are able to evolve with astonishing speed. Introduce bacteria to a sufficiently weak concentration of an antibiotic and resistance can emerge within days. Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans. (A common misconception is that people can become antibioticresistant. They don’t – the bacteria do.)
Oliver Franklin-Wallis Sun 24 Mar 2019 In: https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/mar/24/ the-drugs-dont-work-what-happens-after-antibiotics
No quinto parágrafo, no trecho “In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined”, a locução could kill pode ser substituída por:
Assinale a alternativa que completa a lacuna da tira.
Which of the options completes the dialogue correctly?
The Linden Tree
Mrs Linden: (...) You'd like some tea, you, Rex?
Rex: A cup, certainly.
Jean: And Marion and I.
(Priestley, J.B. “The Linden Tree”. An inspector calis and other plays.UKPenguin, 2001.)
Text 6
There are more than five million cubic miles of ice on Earth, and no one really knows how long it would take to melt it all. Probably more than 5,000 years, some scientists say. But if we burn all the coal, oil, and gas, adding some five trillion more tons of carbon to the atmosphere, we’ll very likely create an ice-free planet. It ___________ be a hot planet, with an average temperature of perhaps 80 degrees Fahrenheit instead of the current 58. (…)
(If All the Ice Melted. National Geographic, September, 2013. Adaptado.)
A sequência CORRETA que completa as lacunas dos textos 6, 7 e 8 está indicada na alternativa
Text
Of prime importance in reading is vocabulary skill. The reader must know the meanings of enough of the words in a sentence for it to make sense and also know how to combine individual word meanings within a sentence. Once the student is past the initial stages of reading, he spends a large percentage of his time encountering new vocabulary, which can be approached in a number of ways. The teacher can give the meaning for each new word, as is common in teaching reading to non-native students.
Or, also common, the student may spend hours with a dictionary writing native-language glosses into his text. For the native speaker of English, the most common form of vocabulary building is guessing from context and/or word formations.
In many settings in which English is taught as a foreign language (EFL) there are high degrees of emphasis on rote memorization. Because vocabulary development skills are seldom specifically taught, the student is not aware of the skills or their benefits. Most students have been trained to panic. Their first
reaction on encountering a new word in a text is to stop and ask for a definition, even if the rest of the sentence defines it. The student of English as a foreign language cannot begin to read with full comprehension until he has been taught to conquer the unknown word by using contextual aids, that is, the formation of the word itself and the environment in which it is found.
(Adapted from Vocabulary in Context, by Anna Fisher Kruse, in Long, Michael H. and Richards, Jack (eds.), Methodology in TESOL – A Book of Readings. New York: Newbury House, 1987)
In the fragment from the text – The reader must know the meanings of enough of the words… – the modal verb must could be correctly replaced, keeping the same meaning, by: