Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Experience report
Read the text below and answer question.
A woman suffering from a rare blood condition is on a quest to find her estranged biological father, who may enable her to get a potentially life-saving transplant if he donates his bone marrow.
Sarah Langdale, 32, was diagnosed with severe anemia when she was two.
This disease occurs when the body stops producing new enough blood cells. Patients with the condition are often fatigued and more prone to infections, as well as uncontrolled bleeding.
“I’m having blood transfusions every three weeks. I eventually started to lose my color and energy and I can´t do anything” Langdale told local news outlet Northampton Chronicle and Echo. Doctors have told her that she urgently needs a bone marrow transplant before her condition worsens.
“I really need my Dad to come forward, I’ve been looking hard for him. I`ll die without a transplant and I hope I can find a better match with him or my half-siblings. And I´m relying on someone seeing my story and coming forward with information. I can only live in hope.
(adapted from Woman Hopes Father She´s Never Met will Save her Life By Aristos Georgiou on 11.3,21 in NEWSWEEK)
From the passage as a whole we apprehend that Sarah Langdale
Student on Homesickness
When the homesickness hits, I usually get lazy and tired and just feel like going home and sleeping. I miss the safety of my family and the comfort of home, but most of all I miss my mother and just being able to talk to her whenever I want.
The homesickness usually hits when I feel out of place, or when I hear a song, or see something that reminds me of them. Usually, when I Skype them, it makes me feel worse because I can see them and talk to them, but I can't be with them.
Lara Wyatt, 20, Boston.
Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 25 set. 2013.
O texto descreve uma situação muito comum entre as pessoas que passam a viver fora de sua cidade.
Considerando as palavras homesickness, family e comfort, o depoimento da estudante Lara Wyatt ressalta
TIME 100 ICONS
Malala Yousafzai
By Mezon Almellehan
April 16, 2015
Champion of education
I’M 16 years old and from Dara’a in Syria. I fled to Jordan with my Family two years ago.
Spending time with Malala Yousafzai made me stronger. I didn’t know her before meeting her in Za’atari camp last year, but I understand she suffered, and yet continues to fight for what she believes in – for rights of children and for their education. She is an inspiration for me.
When it comes to continuing our education as refugees, I am on the front lines with my friends, speaking to other girls throughout the camp on the importance of going to school. My mother and father are always encouraging me. I saw this in Malala too, and her close relationship with her mother and father.
I’ve always loved learning and education, but since I fled with my Family, these views have grown stronger. I have seen too much wrong to not use my voice. Malala has shown that education is crucial for laying a foundation for girls and boys to have secure lives.
I know no matter what I go through today, it will make me a stronger person for tomorrow. Rather than giving up, my friends and I will continue to think positively and try to make our community better. Girls need to learn to take care of themselves, because if they don’t, nobody will. Our lives are completely diferente now – we’ve gone from living in homes to surviving in tents in refugees camps. Education is the only way to regain our spirit and control over our lives.
I was so honored to be in Oslo to watch Malala be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. To see a Young woman recognized with such an award made me realize that yes, I can make a difference, and I have to continue to fight for what I believe in – that all girls and boys can bring change to our world.
Almellehan is an education activist and student. (fonte: http://time.com/3822637/malala-yousafzi-2015-time-100/ acessado dia 03/11/15 17:44)
O vocábulo “meeting” ( grifado no texto) funciona na frase como:
TIME 100 ICONS
Malala Yousafzai
By Mezon Almellehan
April 16, 2015
Champion of education
I’M 16 years old and from Dara’a in Syria. I fled to Jordan with my Family two years ago.
Spending time with Malala Yousafzai made me stronger. I didn’t know her before meeting her in Za’atari camp last year, but I understand she suffered, and yet continues to fight for what she believes in – for rights of children and for their education. She is an inspiration for me.
When it comes to continuing our education as refugees, I am on the front lines with my friends, speaking to other girls throughout the camp on the importance of going to school. My mother and father are always encouraging me. I saw this in Malala too, and her close relationship with her mother and father.
I’ve always loved learning and education, but since I fled with my Family, these views have grown stronger. I have seen too much wrong to not use my voice. Malala has shown that education is crucial for laying a foundation for girls and boys to have secure lives.
I know no matter what I go through today, it will make me a stronger person for tomorrow. Rather than giving up, my friends and I will continue to think positively and try to make our community better. Girls need to learn to take care of themselves, because if they don’t, nobody will. Our lives are completely diferente now – we’ve gone from living in homes to surviving in tents in refugees camps. Education is the only way to regain our spirit and control over our lives.
I was so honored to be in Oslo to watch Malala be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. To see a Young woman recognized with such an award made me realize that yes, I can make a difference, and I have to continue to fight for what I believe in – that all girls and boys can bring change to our world.
Almellehan is an education activist and student. (fonte: http://time.com/3822637/malala-yousafzi-2015-time-100/ acessado dia 03/11/15 17:44)
Malala está sendo referenciada no texto porque:
INSTRUCTIONS - All the questions in this test are taken from the text below. Read it carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed after it. The alternatives must be chosen in accordance with the content of the text.
Could a commonly prescribed antidepressant slow onset of Alzheimer's?
Thursday 15 May 2014 - 8am PST
New research from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, and the University of Pennsylvania finds that a commonly prescribed antidepressant may be effective at slowing onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The problems with memory and cognition caused by Alzheimer's are strongly influenced by a build-up of plaques in the brain. The plaques consist of amyloid beta - a protein that is produced as part of normal brain activity. Patients with Alzheimer's disease, however, have elevated levels of amyloid beta, which results in the protein clumping together as plaques.
A previous study by senior author John Cirrito, PhD, assistant professor of neurology at Washington University, suggested that the production of amyloid beta can be reduced by the chemical messenger serotonin.
Most antidepressants work by stimulating the flow of serotonin in the brain, which prompted Cirrito and first author Dr. Yvette Sheline to investigate antidepressants as a tool to control amyloid beta production.
As part of a 2011 study, they tested a range of antidepressants in mice genetically altered to develop Alzheimer's as they age. The mice in the trial were young and had not yet developed the brain plaques that characterize the disease. The researchers found that the antidepressants successfully reduced amyloid beta production in the mice by an average of 25% after 24 hours.
"Until we can more definitively prove that these drugs help slow or stop Alzheimer's in humans, the risks aren't worth it," says Cirrito.
In their new study - published in the journal Science Translational Medicine - the researchers administered the antidepressant citalopram to older mice who already had plaques in their brain. They then tracked the growth of plaques in the mice for 28 days using a technique called "two-photon imaging."
They found that citalopram halted the growth of the existing plaques, while formation of new plaques was reduced by 78%.
In a second phase of the experiment, 23 human subjects between the ages of 18 and 50 received a single dose of citalopram. The participants were not cognitively impaired or depressed. Over the 24 hours following the administration of the citalopram, samples of spinal fluid were taken from the participants.
The spinal fluid samples showed that amyloid beta production had dropped in the human participants by 37%.
"Antidepressants appear to be significantly reducing amyloid beta production, and that's exciting," says Cirrito.
'There is still much more work to do'
"But while antidepressants generally are well tolerated," he continues, "they have risks and side effects. Until we can more definitively prove that these drugs help slow or stop Alzheimer's in humans, the risks aren't worth it. There is still much more work to do."
The next step for the team is to use mouse models again in an attempt to understand the molecular process that causes serotonin to halt the production of amyloid beta.
Dr. Sheline says the team also plans to study older adults who will be treated for 2 weeks with antidepressants.
"If we see a drop in levels of amyloid beta in their spinal fluid after 2 weeks," she explains, "then we will know that this beneficial reduction in amyloid beta is sustainable."
Last year, a study published in JAMA suggested that poor sleep quality may contribute to an increased build-up of amyloid beta plaques in the brains of older people. Meanwhile, a study published around the same time in the journal Neurology found an association between hardening of the arteries and the build-up of amyloid beta plaques in the brain.
Written by David McNamee http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/276838.php (Accessed May 16, 2014)
The text discusses the possibility of antidepressants
Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist
By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)
Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.
• Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.
• Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.
• Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.
• Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.
• Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.
• Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.
(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
In the last paragraph, one can infer that the most important thing for Sebastião Salgado is
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