Questões de Inglês - Grammar - Clauses
T E X T
Children set for more climate disasters than their grandparents, research shows
People born today will suffer many
times more extreme heatwaves and
other climate disasters over their
lifetimes than their grandparents,
[05] research has shown. The study is the
first to assess the contrasting
experience of climate extremes by
different age groups and starkly
highlights the intergenerational
[10] injustice posed by the climate crisis.
The analysis showed that a child
born in 2020 will endure an average of
30 extreme heatwaves in their lifetime,
even if countries fulfil their current
[15] pledges to cut future carbon emissions.
That is seven times more heatwaves
than someone born in 1960. Today’s
babies will also grow up to experience
twice as many droughts and wildfires
[20] and three times more river floods and
crop failures than someone who is 60
years old today.
However, rapidly cutting global
emissions to keep global heating to
[25] 1.5C would almost halve the heatwaves
today’s children will experience, while
keeping under 2C would reduce the
number by a quarter.
A vital task of the UN’s Cop26
[30] climate summit in Glasgow in November
is to deliver pledges of bigger emissions
cuts from the most polluting countries
and climate justice will be an important
element of the negotiations. Developing
[35] countries, and the youth strike
protesters who have taken to the
streets around the world, point out that
those who did least to cause the climate
crisis are suffering the most.
[40] “Our results highlight a severe
threat to the safety of young
generations and call for drastic emission
reductions to safeguard their future,”
said Prof Wim Thiery, at Vrije
[45] Universiteit Brussel in Belgium and who
led the research. He said people under
40 today were set to live
“unprecedented” lives, ie suffering
heatwaves, droughts, floods and crop
[50] failures that would have been virtually
impossible – 0.01% chance – without
global heating
Dr Katja Frieler, at the Potsdam
Institute for Climate Impact Research in
[55] Germany and part of the study team,
said: “The good news is we can take
much of the climate burden from our
children’s shoulders if we limit warming
to 1.5C by phasing out fossil fuel use.
[60] This is a huge opportunity.”
Leo Hickman, editor of Carbon
Brief, said: “These new findings
reinforce our 2019 analysis which
showed that today’s children will need
[65] to emit eight times less CO2 over the
course of their lifetime than their
grandparents, if global warming is to be
kept below 1.5C. Climate change is
already exacerbating many injustices,
[70] but the intergenerational injustice of
climate change is particularly stark.”
The research, published in the
journal Science, combined extreme
event projections from sophisticated
[75] computer climate models, detailed
population and life expectancy data,
and global temperature trajectories
from the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change.
[80] The scientists said the increases
in climate impacts calculated for today’s
young people were likely to be
underestimates, as multiple extremes
within a year had to be grouped
together and the greater intensity of
[85] events was not accounted for.
There was significant regional
variation in the results. For example,
the 53 million children born in Europe
and central Asia between 2016 and
[90] 2020 will experience about four times
more extreme events in their lifetimes
under current emissions pledges, but
the 172 million children of the same age
in sub-Saharan Africa face 5.7 times
[95] more extreme events.
“This highlights a disproportionate
climate change burden for young
generations in the global south,” the
researchers said.
[100] Dohyeon Kim, an activist from
South Korea who took part in the global
climate strike on Friday, said:
“Countries of the global north need to
push governments to put justice and
[105] equity at the heart of climate action,
both in terms of climate [aid] and
setting more ambitious pledges that
take into consideration historical
responsibilities.”
[110] The analysis found that only those
aged under 40 years today will live to
see the consequences of the choices
made on emissions cuts. Those who are
older will have died before the impacts
[115] of those choices become apparent in the
world.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ 2021/sep/27/
The passage “we can take much of the climate burden from our children’s shoulders if we limit warming to 1.5C by phasing out fossil fuel use” (lines 56-59) contains a
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Is owning a dog good for your health?
Dogs really are our best friends, according to a Swedish study that says canine ownership could reduce heart disease. A study of 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog was associated with a 23% reduction in death from heart disease and a 20% lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study.
Previous studies have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depression – both linked to an increased risk of heart disease and early death. Dog owners show better responses to stress, their blood pressure and pulse rates don’t soar, have higher levels of physical activity and slightly lower cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association was sufficiently swayed by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2013 saying that owning a dog “was probably” associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Their reluctance to more strongly endorse dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observational – researchers note an association, but can’t prove causation. This means that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than, say, goldfish owners – for example, perhaps only people who are fit in the first place buy pets that need daily walks.
Tove Fall, an epidemiologist and the lead author of this latest study, says they tried their best to allow for any differences in education, existing ill-health and lifestyles between those with and without dogs. The study found the biggest positive impact of having a dog was on people living alone. “It seems that a dog can be a substitute for living with other people in terms of reducing the risk of dying,” says Fall. “Dogs encourage you to walk, they provide social support and they make life more meaningful. If you have a dog, you interact more with other people. If you do get ill and go into hospital and you have a dog, there’s a huge motivation to try to get back home.” Of course, getting a dog and watching it from your sofa while you eat fatty food is not going to reduce your risk of heart disease.
(Luisa Dillner. www.theguardian.com, 04.12.2017. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the last paragraph “the lead author of this latest study”, the underlined word expresses an idea of
T E X T
Now, according to an annual survey
by the Babson Survey Research Group and
the Online Learning Consortium, more than
6.3 million students took at least one
[5] distance education course in the Fall 2016
semester (the most recent academic year
for which data is available). That’s 31.6
percent of all higher education
enrollments, according to the study, and
[10] about half of them were taking all of their
classes online.
Many of these students are traditional
age. But for adult students (generally
defined as those 25 and over, working full
[15] time jobs or with parenting
responsibilities) online education is a
particularly attractive option. Citing several
studies, Louis Soares, chief learning and
innovation officer for the American Council
[20] on Education, says that about a third of all
adult students — roughly 13 million — are
pursuing advanced degrees online.
“I think it has given adult students
more opportunities,” Mr. Soares said. “If
[25] done correctly, online education can create
a robust learning experience.”
Research has shown that students can
learn as well online as they can in a face to
face classroom, according to Jovita Ross
[30] Gordon, a professor at Texas State
University.
“In terms of pros and cons, it offers
great convenience and access for
populations who might not otherwise have
[35] it,” said Professor Ross-Gordon, an expert
on adult education. “But a certain degree
of self-direction is required. And it can be
isolating for some folks.”
The vast majority of colleges and
[40] universities in the United States offer at
least some online classes, but there are
still those who question its legitimacy and
also the quality of for-profit colleges whose
curriculum is offered solely online.
[45] Walden University, where Mr. Haynes
is earning his doctoral degree, is one such
institution. He said that he researched the
school through the V.A. and other sources,
and heard positive reports from a friend
[50] who was also pursuing his doctorate in
business administration at Walden, which
Mr. Haynes learned was accredited by the
Accreditation Council for Business Schools.
For Manda Gibson, online education is
[55] the preferred mode of learning. “I love it,”
said Ms. Gibson, 45, the mother of four,
who works full-time as an instructional
designer at Simpson College in Indianola,
Iowa. Ms. Gibson is pursuing her master’s
[60] in business administration online with
Colorado State University-Global Campus,
and before that earned a bachelor of arts
in management, taking mostly online
classes, at Simpson.
[65] “When I sit in a regular class, my
mind wanders,” she says. “`Did I do this
for my kids?’ ‘What am I making for dinner
tonight?’ When I do online, I can say, ‘this
hour is my hour.’”
[70] But she says, with the flexibility of
online education comes responsibility. “You
have to take it seriously,” she said. “Some
people think online classes are easier. I
think it’s actually more work. Because you
[75] might have to spend more time with the
content.”
Time is a commodity that Mr. Haynes,
like many adult learners, has little of. He
and his wife — Sgt. Chelsea Aiko Haynes
[80] of the Army — have six children, ranging
in age from 1 to 17. He is also active with
the Semper Fi Fund, a nonprofit
organization that provides financial
assistance for catastrophically injured
[85] servicemen and women. But most days,
after the children are off to school and his
wife is at her job at the Pentagon, he sits
down in the living room with his MacBook
Air and gets ready to learn. “I open the
[90] blinds to get some natural sunlight in,” he
said. “The TV’s off, the phone’s on vibrate.
And I commit myself fully to my studies.”
Here are some tips for success in
online education for adult learners, from
[95] Jeremy Haynes and Manda Gibson, two
students who have flourished in this
learning environment, and from George
Haber, an adjunct professor at Vaughn
College in Queens, and a veteran of over
[100] 25 years of teaching online.
Set aside specific time periods when
you can do required reading or writing and
stick to the schedule, whether it’s an hour
a night three nights a week; Saturday or
[105] Sunday morning; or some combination.
Get acquainted with your academic
adviser from the start, as he or she is your
lifeline for anything at the institution.
Choose a subject for your first
[110] online class that you’re interested in, if
possible. You will be more likely to become
engaged in the material and learn the
technology.
Ask questions and reach out for help
[115] early. Don’t get frustrated if you don’t
understand something; a quality online
program will not only have self-help
tutorials, but also good student services to
help with the details.
[120] Take part in any online discussions
or forums. Your lack of participation will be
easily noted by the instructor.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/01/
The sentence “Don’t get frustrated if you don’t understand something” contains an adverb clause classified as
THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows me to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair. I sit ____ the stool and my mother stands ____ me ____ the scissors, trimmimg. The strands fall ____ floor ____ a dull, blond ring. When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and how focused she is. She is well-practiced in the art of losing herself. I can’t say the same of myself. I sneak a look at my reflection when she isn’t paying attention – not for the sake of vanity, but out of curiosity. A lot can happen to a person’s appearance in three months.
Concerning its source and genre, the text above is
On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants
associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda
hijacked four airlines and carried out suicide attacks
against targets in the United States. Two of the planes
[5] were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in
New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside
Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field
in Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks
resulted in extensive death and destruction, activating
[10] major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining
the presidency of George W. Bush. Over three thousand
people were killed during the attacks in New York City
and Washington, D.C., including more than four hundred
police officers and firefighters.
[15] At 8:45 a.m., on a clear Tuesday morning, an
American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with twenty
thousand gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower
of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact
left a wide, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-
[20] story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and
trapping hundreds more in higher floors. Eighteen
minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–
United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky,
turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and
[25] crashed into the south tower near the 60th floor. The
collision caused a massive explosion that showered
burning fragment over surrounding buildings and the
streets below. America was under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi
[30] Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly
financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda
terrorist organization, they _____________(1) in
retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement
in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military
[35] presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had
lived in the United States for more than a year and
_____________(2) flying lessons at American
commercial flight schools.
As millions watched the events unfolding in New
[40] York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown
Washington, D.C., and banged into the west side of the
Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from
the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to
the structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete
[45] building. Less than fifteen minutes after the terrorists
struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in
New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when
the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a
massive cloud of dust and smoke. At 10:30 a.m., the
[50] other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to three
thousand people died in the World Trade Center and its
vicinity, including an impressive three hundred and forty
three firefighters and paramedics, twenty three New York
City police officers and thirty seven Port Authority police
[55] officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation
of the buildings and save the office workers trapped* on
higher floors.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane–
United Flight 93–was hijacked about forty minutes after
[60] leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey.
Because the plane had been delayed in taking off,
passengers on board learned of events in New York and
Washington via cell phone calls to the ground. Knowing
that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the
[65] hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight
attendants planned a rebellion. One of the passengers,
Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I
know we're all going to die. There are three of us who
are going to do something about it. I love you, honey."
[70] Another passenger–Todd Beamer–was heard saying
"Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line.
The passengers fought the four hijackers and
are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire
extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped
[75] toward the ground, crashing in a rural field in western
Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All forty-five people aboard
were killed. Within two months, U.S. forces had
effectively removed the Taliban from operational power,
but the war continued. Osama bin Laden, was finally
[80] chased and killed by U.S. forces in Abbottabad,
Pakistan.
Adapted from http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks Acessado em 04/04/2013
Mark the right option to complete the statement.
If the plane hadn’t been delayed in taking off, the passengers ....... about the events in New York and Washington.
Texto 7
AM I ALL RIGHT?
While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert. He asked if Mr. Gilbert’s operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr. Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. ‘No,’ the patient answered, ‘I am Mr. John Gilbert.’
ALEXANDER, L. G. Practice and progress. Longman. London, 1978.
A synonym for the word “whether” (in the first line) can be
Faça seu login GRÁTIS
Minhas Estatísticas Completas
Estude o conteúdo com a Duda
Estude com a Duda
Selecione um conteúdo para aprender mais: